Konteks
Sekitar 10 hari lalu seorang teman minta izin menggunakan salah satu tulisan dalam blog ini sebagai bahan infografis: “Untuk mengedukasi jamaah saya, Mas”, kira-kira demikian alasannya. “Maklum mereka jabbariyah; mereka mau tarawihan di masjid”, lanjutnya. Penulis hanya merespons “Bagaimana kalau para pengurus diajak diskusi mengenai Hadits yang menjelaskan Nabi SAW teraweh di masjid hanya 1-2 kali”.
Cerita di atas yang juga anggota dewan ini, Dewan Kemakmuran Masjid (DKM), mendorong penulis untuk bertanya: “Adakah aturan pemerintah atau fatwa MUI mengenai hal ini?” Penulis berbaik-sangka peraturan itu ada tetapi di luar pengetahuan penulis. Demikianlah cerita yang memotivasi penyiapan tulisan ini. Isinya menyajikan hasil survei pustaka super-cepat terkait dengan puasa dan tradisi yang menyertainya dalam konteks Covid-19.
Puasa dan gejala Covid-19
Puasa dapat ditunda karena alasan sakit atau dalam perjalanan (QS 2:184). Pertanyaannya, dapatkah kita berpuasa ketika memiliki gejala Covid-19? Adakah pedoman bagi Umat di Indonesia mengenai ini? Penulis tidak bisa menjawab. Yang penulis ketahui kasus di Inggris. British Muslim Medical Association (BM2A) dalam minggu ini telah mengeluarkan pedoman yang sangat jelas bagi masyarakat Muslim di Inggris (lihat Gambar di bawah).
Sebagai asosiasi medis, BM2A tentu telah mempertimbangkan semua pertimbangan medis serta hasil riset yang relevan, termasuk yang dilakukan oleh Profesor Longo. Profesor ini menarik karena risetnya telah menunjukkan hubungan positif antara praktik puasa dan perbaikan sistem imunitas termasuk terhadap Covid-19:
Professor Valter Longo, director of the USC Longevity Institute, is investigating how fasting and diets that mimic fasting’s effects can help immune function, including vaccine efficacy and the body’s response to infection by viruses such as influenza and eventually COVID-19.
Fasting and fasting mimicking diets appear to “get rid of damaged or misguided cells and replace them with younger and more effective immune cells,” he says, improving many signs of health in mice.
Teraweh di Masjid dan WHO
Bagaimana dengan tarawih di Masjid? Mengenai hal ini penulis juga tidak mengetahui ada atau tidak ada pedoman bagi Umat di Indonesia. Yang penulis ketahui, Pakistan mengizinkan Umat tarawih di Masjid dalam kondisi tertentu: “Pakistan’s government has decided to conditionally keep mosques open during Ramadan”. Dari Gambar di bawah tampak kondisi yang dimaksud sesuai dengan SOP physical distancing.
Terkait dengan praktik puasa umumnya dan tarawih khususnya dalam konteks Covid-19, WHO telah menyusun pedoman yang jelas, rinci dan menyeluruh. Pedoman ini mencakup praktik physical distancing ketika salat berjamaah, cara memperlakukan kelompok yang berisiko tinggi, pengaturan tempat penyelenggaraan, dan dorongan untuk membangun lingkungan higiene yang sehat. Aturan itu rinci. Terkait physical distancing, misalnya, WHO memberikan tiga rekomendasi:
- Praktikkan physical distancing secara ketat dengan menjaga setiap sat jarak dengan orang lain setidaknya 1 meter (3 kaki).
- Gunakan salam yang disetujui secara budaya dan agama dengan menghindari kontak fisik, seperti melambaikan tangan, mengangguk, atau meletakkan tangan di atas hati.
- Menghentikan banyak orang berkumpul di tempat-tempat yang terkait dengan kegiatan Ramadhan, seperti tempat hiburan, pasar, dan toko.
Mengenai yang terakhir ini Malaysia, Singapura dan Brunei dilaporkan melarang jualan penganan takjil yang biasanya marak selama bulan puasa.
Penulis menilai rekomendasi WHO ini layak dipelajari sehingga disajikan sebagai lampiran ini.
Selamat berpuasa bagi yang melaksanakan…. @
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Lampiran
(Cuplikan Rekomendasi WHO)
Safe Ramadan practices in the context of the COVID-19
- Overarching considerations
- Advice on physical distancing
- Practice physical distancing by strictly maintaining a distance of at least 1 metre (3 feet) between people at all times.
- Use culturally and religiously sanctioned greetings that avoid physical contact, such as waving, nodding, or placing the hand over the heart.
- Stop large numbers of people gathering in places associated with Ramadan activities, such as entertainment venues, markets, and shops.
- Advice to high-risk groups
- Urge people who are feeling unwell or have any symptoms of COVID-19 to avoid attending events and follow the national guidance on follow-up and management of symptomatic cases.
- Urge older people and anyone with pre-existing medical conditions (such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer) not to attend gatherings, as they are considered vulnerable to severe disease and death from COVID-19.
- Mitigation measures for physical gatherings
The following measures should be applied to any gathering occurring during Ramadan, such as prayers, pilgrimages, and communal meals or banquets.
- Venue
- Consider holding the event outdoors if possible; otherwise, ensure that the indoor venue has adequate ventilation and air flow
- Shorten the length of the event as much as possible to limit potential exposure
- Give preference to holding smaller services with fewer attendees more often, rather than hosting large gatherings
- Adhere to physical distancing among attendees, both when seated and standing, through creating and assigning fixed places, including when praying, performing wudu (ritual ablutions) in communal washing facilities, as well as in areas dedicated to shoe storage.
- Regulate the number and flow of people entering, attending, and departing from worship spaces, pilgrimage sites, or other venues to ensure safe distancing at all times
- Consider measures to facilitate contact tracing in the event that an ill person is identified among the attendees of the event.
- Encourage healthy hygiene
Muslims perform wudu before prayers, which helps maintain healthy hygiene. The following additional measures should be considered:
- Ensure that hand washing facilities are adequately equipped with soap and water and provide alcohol based hand-rub (at least 70% alcohol) at the entrance to and inside mosques.
- Ensure the availability of disposable tissues and bins with disposable liners and lids, and guarantee the safe disposal of waste.
- Encourage the use of personal prayer rugs to place over carpets.
- Provide visual displays of advice on physical distancing, hand hygiene, respiratory etiquette, and general messages on COVID-19 prevention. Frequently clean worship spaces, sites, and buildings
- Enforce routine cleaning of venues where people gather before and after each event, using detergents and disinfectants.
- In mosques, keep the premises and wudu facilities clean, and maintain general hygiene and sanitation.
- Frequently clean often-touched objects such as doorknobs, light switches, and stair railings with detergents and disinfectant.
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